Antich Anton / Антич Антон - Magical Haskell / Волшебный Хаскелл [2025, PDF, ENG]

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About the Author ................................................................................................xi
About the Technical Reviewer ...............................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................xv
Introduction .......................................................................................................xvii
How This Book Came to Be: Instead of an Introduction ............................................xix
Chapter 1: Wizards, Types, and Functions ..............................................................1
Solving Problems As Wizards Do ...........................................................................3
Let’s Fall in Love with Types! ................................................................................7
A Char and an Int Walk into a Bar and Make a Function ...........................................8
How FunTypical! ..................................................................................................12
Curry and Recurse! .............................................................................................15
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................19
Chapter 2: Type Construction ................................................................................21
House of Cards with a Little Help from Algebra ........................................................22
Algebraic Data Types ...........................................................................................25
Records .............................................................................................................27
Type Functions Are Functions, Maybe? ...............................................................30
Advanced: On Data Constructors and Types ........................................................37
List, Recursion on Types and Patterns ................................................................39
Length of a List ..............................................................................................42
Map a Function Over a List of Values .................................................................44
Conclusion ........................................................................................................50
Chapter 3: Very Gentle Type Theory and Category Theory Intro ...............................51
Types and Functions ...........................................................................................52
Maybe and Advanced Generalized Functions .......................................................54
Dependent Function Types (Pi-Types) .................................................................59
Sum, Product, and Dependent Pair (Sigma) Types ..............................................61
Very Gentle Category Theory Introduction ..........................................................63
Typeclasses .........................................................................................................66
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................70
Chapter 4: Basic Typeclasses or “Show Me a Monoid” ...............................................71
Show Typeclass ...................................................................................................72
Algebra Is Cool ....................................................................................................73
Typeclass Hierarchy in Haskell ................................................................................76
Lift Me Up! ..........................................................................................................79
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................83
Chapter 5: Functor, Bifunctor, and Applicative Functor Enter
an Elevator … ...................................................................................................85
Functor Typeclass Definition ...............................................................................86
Three-Dimensional Vector Example ....................................................................89
Tracking Players in Our Game .............................................................................91
You Are Either Functor or a Bifunctor ..................................................................92
We Need a Bigger Lift ....................................................................................98
Action! Apply! Cut! .......................................................................................104
Applicative Typeclass .....................................................................................107
Conclusion ...................................................................................................111
Chapter 6: O, Monad, Help Me Compose! ..........................................................113
Can We Play Cards in This State? .....................................................................117
Monad Typeclass and Basic Monads ..................................................................128
Reader–Writer–State Triple ...............................................................................132
The State Monad ...............................................................................................132
The Reader Monad ............................................................................................135
The Writer Monad ..............................................................................................140
Conclusion ........................................................................................................145
Chapter 7: Input, Transformer Stack, Output .........................................................147
Do Notation .......................................................................................................153
Monad Transformer Stacks ..................................................................................158
Conclusion ........................................................................................................169
Chapter 8: Blackjack: Full Haskell Program ............................................................171
Preparation .......................................................................................................174
Initial “Pure” Design ..........................................................................................177
Building the First Floor: IO .................................................................................183
Building the Top Floor: StateT IO .......................................................................188
Final Game and Recap ......................................................................................197
Conclusion ........................................................................................................201
Chapter 9: Let’s AI ........................................................................................203
Agentic AI and Large Language Models ............................................................203
LLMs in a Nutshell .......................................................................................205
Haskell and LLMs ..............................................................................................210
Big Picture of the Haskell AI Framework .....................................................211
Terminal Chatbot .........................................................................................212
Conclusion ........................................................................................................231
Conclusion ........................................................................................................234
Chapter 10: Terminal AI Chat Agent ............................................................237
Terminal UI Skeleton .........................................................................................238
Adding a Nicer Response Function ..............................................................239
Initialization .................................................................................................241
Building the Monad Transformer Stack .......................................................242
Main Program ..............................................................................................245
Building Muscles ...............................................................................................248
Logging ........................................................................................................248
Usage Stats in the Writer Monad .................................................................253
Chat History .................................................................................................255
Conclusion ........................................................................................................263
Chapter 11: Web-Enabled AI Framework and GHC “Guts” ...............................265
Terminal UI Improvements ................................................................................265
Example Jarvis Scenarios ...........................................................................270
“M” Subchapter: Under the Hood of GHC ..........................................................278
Adding a Web API ..............................................................................................283
Mutable Variables .............................................................................................294
IORef: Simple Mutable Variables in the IO Monad .......................................295
MVar: Mutable Variables with Concurrency Control .....................................296
TVar: The Power of Software Transactional Memory (STM) .........................298
Conclusion ........................................................................................................300
Chapter 12: Down the Rabbit Hole ..................................................................303
MongoDB as a Persistence Layer .....................................................................304
MongoDB Initialization .................................................................................308
Adding a System Prompts Collection ..........................................................310
Redesigning Architecture: MRWST Monad Transformer ...................................313
Vectors and Type Families ................................................................................321
Type Synonym Families ...............................................................................322
Data Families ...............................................................................................323
Associated Type and Data Families .............................................................325
Vectors As Arrays in Haskell ........................................................................330
More AI: Vector RAG ..........................................................................................340
In-Memory Vector Engine ............................................................................344
Conclusion ........................................................................................................358
Chapter 13: AI Multi-agents, Arrows, and the Future .............................................359
Arrows: The Last Abstraction ............................................................................361
Arrows Definition and Basic Examples ........................................................364
Arrows Interface ..........................................................................................367
AI Multi-agents and Arrows ..............................................................................373
AI Multi-agents Examples ............................................................................377
Arrows to Support Quick AI Multi-agent Creation ........................................379
Final Improvements for the AI Framework ........................................................390
Web Authentication with JWTs ....................................................................390
Error Handling: Embracing the Try–Catch Approach ....................................396
Multiple LLMs and Agents Support ..............................................................399
Conclusion ..............................................................................................404
Index .....................................................................................................407