Chowdhury Soumiyajit Das / Чоудхури Сумияджит Дас - Mastering DevOps in Kubernetes / Осваиваем DevOps в Kubernetes [2024, PDF, ENG]
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Mastering DevOps in Kubernetes: Maximize your container workload efficiency with DevOps practices in Kubernetes / Осваиваем DevOps в Kubernetes: Увеличьте эффективность работы с контейнерами с помощью методов DevOps в Kubernetes.
Год издания: 2024 Автор: Chowdhury Soumiyajit Das / Чоудхури Сумияджит Дас Издательство: BPB Online ISBN: 978-93-55518-309 Язык: Английский Формат: PDF Качество: Издательский макет или текст (eBook) Количество страниц: 445 Описание: Learn how to build, deploy, use, and maintain your applications on Kubernetes Key Features ● Learn how to provision Kubernetes clusters using different cloud providers and infrastructure tools. ● Explore several advanced options to manage applications in Kubernetes. ● Get familiar with the best practices for securing applications and clusters. Description DevOps with Kubernetes combines two powerful technologies to bring efficiency and speed to the software development process. Kubernetes has become the de facto standard for container orchestration, while DevOps practices are rapidly becoming essential for organizations to manage their software development and delivery pipelines. By using Kubernetes and DevOps practices together, teams can streamline their deployment processes, reduce errors, and deliver software faster and more reliably. The book starts by addressing the real-time challenges and issues that DevOps practitioners face. The book then helps you become acquainted with the fundamental and advanced Kubernetes features, and develop a comprehensive understanding of the standard CNCF components that accompany Kubernetes. The book then delves deeper into the three leading managed Kubernetes services - GKE, AKS, and EKS. Additionally, the book will help to learn how to implement security measures to protect your Kubernetes deployments. The book further explores a range of monitoring tools and techniques that can be used to quickly identify and resolve issues in Kubernetes clusters. Finally, the book will help you learn how to use the Istio Service Mesh to secure communication between workloads hosted by Kubernetes. With this information, you will be able to deploy, scale, and monitor apps on Kubernetes. What you will learn ● Learn how to manage stateful containers with Kubernetes. ● Get to know more observability and monitoring in Kubernetes. ● Package and deploy applications on Kubernetes using Helm. ● Learn how to use Skaffold and Flux for CI/CD. ● Learn how microservices can be managed and deployed using the Istio service mesh. Who this book is for The book is a must-read for DevOps teams using Kubernetes to deploy container workloads. It offers valuable insights into the best practices required to make their application container-agnostic and streamline their workflows. Узнайте, как создавать, развертывать, использовать и обслуживать свои приложения в Kubernetes Основные характеристики ● Узнайте, как настроить кластеры Kubernetes с помощью различных облачных провайдеров и инфраструктурных инструментов. ● Ознакомьтесь с несколькими расширенными возможностями управления приложениями в Kubernetes. ● Ознакомьтесь с лучшими практиками обеспечения безопасности приложений и кластеров. Описание DevOps и Kubernetes объединяют две мощные технологии для повышения эффективности и скорости процесса разработки программного обеспечения. Kubernetes стал стандартом де-факто для контейнерной оркестровки, в то время как практика DevOps быстро становится необходимой для организаций при управлении процессами разработки и доставки программного обеспечения. Объединяя методы Kubernetes и DevOps, команды могут оптимизировать процессы развертывания, сократить количество ошибок и предоставлять программное обеспечение быстрее и надежнее. В начале книги рассматриваются проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики в режиме реального времени. Затем книга поможет вам ознакомиться с основными и расширенными функциями Kubernetes и получить полное представление о стандартных компонентах CNCF, которые входят в состав Kubernetes. Далее в книге более подробно рассматриваются три ведущих управляемых сервиса Kubernetes - GKE, AKS и EKS. Кроме того, из книги вы узнаете, как внедрять меры безопасности для защиты ваших развертываний Kubernetes. Далее в книге рассматривается ряд инструментов и методов мониторинга, которые могут быть использованы для быстрого выявления и устранения проблем в кластерах Kubernetes. Наконец, книга поможет вам узнать, как использовать сервисную сетку Istio для обеспечения безопасной связи между рабочими нагрузками, размещенными в Kubernetes. Благодаря этой информации вы сможете развертывать, масштабировать и отслеживать приложения в Kubernetes. Что вы узнаете ● Узнайте, как управлять контейнерами с отслеживанием состояния с помощью Kubernetes. ● Узнайте больше о наблюдаемости и мониторинге в Kubernetes. ● Упаковывайте и развертывайте приложения в Kubernetes с помощью Helm. ● Узнайте, как использовать Skaffold и Flux для CI/CD. ● Узнайте, как управлять микросервисами и развертывать их с помощью Istio service mesh. Для кого предназначена эта книга Эта книга обязательна к прочтению для команд DevOps, использующих Kubernetes для развертывания контейнерных рабочих нагрузок. В ней содержится ценная информация о лучших практиках, необходимых для того, чтобы сделать их приложения независимыми от контейнеров и оптимизировать рабочие процессы. Оглавление1. DevOps for Kubernetes.............................................................................. 1Introduction................................................................................................. 1 Structure..................................................................................................... 2 Objectives.................................................................................................... 2 Challenges for the enterprise DevOps.............................................................. 2 Managing multiple environments......................................................................3 Scalability and high availability........................................................................4 Implementation cost......................................................................................5 Traffic management.......................................................................................6 Application upgrades and rollbacks...................................................................6 Securing infrastructure...................................................................................7 Optimization of the delivery pipeline................................................................7 Choice of tools and technology adoption...........................................................8 Kubernetes DevOps...................................................................................... 9 Infrastructure and configuration as code..........................................................9 Upgrading infrastructure.................................................................................10 Updates and rollback........................................................................................10 On-demand infrastructure..............................................................................11 Reliability..........................................................................................................11 Zero downtime deployments............................................................................12 Service mesh.....................................................................................................12 Infrastructure security......................................................................................12 Conclusion........................................................................................................ 13 Key facts.......................................................................................................... 13 Multiple choice questions.................................................................................... 14 Answers.............................................................................................................15 References........................................................................................................ 15 2. Container Management with Docker...................................................................17 Introduction...................................................................................................... 17 Structure.......................................................................................................... 18 Objectives........................................................................................................ 18 Working with Dockerfile...................................................................................... 19 Dockerfile and Docker build context.................................................................20 Running a pre-build image..............................................................................20 Creating own Dockerfile..................................................................................22 Dockerfile instructions.....................................................................................23 Building a multi-container application................................................................ 28 Docker compose.............................................................................................28 Build images from the Docker compose..............................................................31 Creating a WordPress website using Docker compose...........................................33 Container management................................................................................... 35 Docker Swarm............................................................................................... 39 Inspecting Docker Swarm nodes.......................................................................39 Promoting docker nodes..................................................................................40 Managing services in Docker Swarm..................................................................43 Using network in Docker Swarm mode..............................................................45 Deploying stacks to a Swarm...........................................................................47 Conclusion................................................................................................... 52 Points to remember....................................................................................... 52 Multiple choice questions............................................................................... 53 Answers.......................................................................................................55 References................................................................................................... 55 3. Speeding up with Standard Kubernetes Operations..........................................57 Introduction.................................................................................................. 57 Structure...................................................................................................... 57 Objectives.................................................................................................... 58 Kubernetes architecture................................................................................. 58 Kubernetes setup.......................................................................................... 61 Local setup with Minikube...............................................................................61 Create a Kubernetes cluster using Kubeadm...................................................66 Step 1—Create the Kubernetes servers.......................................................66 Step 2—Install kubelet, kubeadm, and kubectl.............................................66 Step 3—Disable Swap.................................................................................67 Step 4—Enable Kernel modules..................................................................67 Step 5—Install container runtime..............................................................67 Step 6—Bootstrap master node..................................................................68 Step 7—Add the worker nodes...................................................................69 Access the Kubernetes dashboard......................................................................... 70 Standard Kubernetes operations........................................................................... 73 Deployment and services.................................................................................74 Labels and selectors..........................................................................................84 Container lifecycle events and hooks...............................................................87 ConfigMaps......................................................................................................89 Init containers...................................................................................................94 Secrets...............................................................................................................98 Autoscaling.....................................................................................................103 Affinity and anti-affinity................................................................................107 Taints and tolerations....................................................................................114 Jobs..................................................................................................................117 Custom resource definitions...........................................................................118 Conclusion.............................................................................................................122 Points to remember...............................................................................................122 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................123 Answers...........................................................................................................123 References..............................................................................................................124 4. Stateful Workloads in Kubernetes...............................................................125 Introduction...........................................................................................................125 Structure.................................................................................................................125 Objectives...............................................................................................................126 Kubernetes storage................................................................................................126 Persistent Volume in Kubernetes........................................................................127 Configure a Pod to use Persistent Volume.....................................................128 Dynamic volume provisioning in Kubernetes..................................................131 Dynamic NFS provisioning in Kubernetes.......................................................132 Stateful applications..............................................................................................141 Managing stateful applications in Kubernetes..................................................141 StatefulSets best practices.....................................................................................146 Conclusion.............................................................................................................147 Points to remember...............................................................................................148 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................148 Answers...........................................................................................................149 References..............................................................................................................149 5. Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service..................................................................151 Introduction...........................................................................................................151 Structure.................................................................................................................151 Objectives...............................................................................................................152 Amazon elastic Kubernetes service....................................................................152 Provisioning EKS cluster......................................................................................154 Install AWS, kubectl, and eksctl CLI.............................................................155 Create the EKS cluster using eksctl................................................................157 Create node groups and IAM OIDC.............................................................158 Amazon EBS..........................................................................................................160 AWS RDS...............................................................................................................168 AWS load balancers and AWS Ingress................................................................173 Classic load balancer......................................................................................173 Network load balancers.................................................................................177 Application load balancer..............................................................................179 Creating EKS cluster using IaC...........................................................................189 terraform version............................................................................................190 Conclusion.............................................................................................................197 Points to remember...............................................................................................197 Multiple Choice Questions..................................................................................198 Answers...........................................................................................................199 References..............................................................................................................199 6. Azure Kubernetes Service............................................................................201 Introduction...........................................................................................................201 Structure.................................................................................................................201 Objectives...............................................................................................................202 Azure Kubernetes Service....................................................................................202 Provisioning an AKS cluster................................................................................203 Azure virtual network...........................................................................................205 AKS storage using Azure disks............................................................................206 AKS storage class and provisioners...............................................................206 AKS managed storage with Azure MYSQL.......................................................217 AKS Ingress using the NGINX Ingress controller............................................222 Active directory integration for AKS clusters...................................................231 Azure AKS virtual nodes......................................................................................235 Provisioning an AKS cluster using Terraform IaC.............................................242 Conclusion.............................................................................................................246 Points to remember...............................................................................................247 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................247 Answers...........................................................................................................248 References..............................................................................................................248 7. Google Kubernetes Engine ..........................................................................249 Introduction...........................................................................................................249 Structure.................................................................................................................249 Objectives...............................................................................................................250 Google Kubernetes Engine..................................................................................250 Provisioning a GKE cluster..................................................................................251 GKE service load balancer and Ingress controller...............................................254 Load balancer service type.............................................................................254 GKE load balancing with Ingress objects..........................................................255 GKE cluster autoscaling.......................................................................................260 Dynamic storage provisioning in GKE..............................................................261 GKE and Google Cloud SQL...............................................................................265 Binary Authorization in GKE..............................................................................270 Creating GKE cluster using Terraform IaC...........................................................273 Conclusion.............................................................................................................277 Points to remember...............................................................................................278 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................278 Answers...........................................................................................................279 References..............................................................................................................279 8. Kubernetes Administrator................................................................................281 Introduction...........................................................................................................281 Structure.................................................................................................................281 Objectives...............................................................................................................282 Resource quota......................................................................................................282 Kubernetes networking........................................................................................284 Network policies.............................................................................................286 Node maintenance................................................................................................293 Pod disruption budget..........................................................................................293 Pod topology spread constraints.........................................................................296 High availability....................................................................................................298 etcd backup and restore........................................................................................299 Kubernetes probes.................................................................................................303 Startup probe..................................................................................................303 Liveliness probe...............................................................................................304 Readiness probe..............................................................................................305 Conclusion.............................................................................................................307 Points to remember...............................................................................................307 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................307 Answers...........................................................................................................308 References..............................................................................................................308 9. Kubernetes Security.....................................................................................309 Introduction...........................................................................................................309 Structure.................................................................................................................309 Objectives...............................................................................................................310 Node restrictions...................................................................................................310 Static analysis with Kubesec.................................................................................312 Security context.....................................................................................................314 Security context for pod.................................................................................314 Security context for container........................................................................316 Pod security admission.........................................................................................318 Role-Based Access Control..................................................................................321 Enable auditing in Kube APIServer....................................................................324 Conclusion.............................................................................................................327 Points to remember...............................................................................................327 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................328 Answers...........................................................................................................328 References..............................................................................................................329 10. Monitoring in Kubernetes...........................................................................331 Introduction...........................................................................................................331 Structure.................................................................................................................331 Objectives...............................................................................................................332 Monitoring using Prometheus and Grafana......................................................332 Prometheus.....................................................................................................332 Grafana...........................................................................................................333 Scrape metrics using Prometheus and Grafana..................................................333 EKS monitoring with CloudWatch.....................................................................337 AKS monitoring with insights.............................................................................343 GKE monitoring stack..........................................................................................346 Conclusion.............................................................................................................349 Points to remember...............................................................................................350 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................350 Answers...........................................................................................................351 References..............................................................................................................351 11. Packaging and Deploying in Kubernetes................................................................353 Introduction...........................................................................................................353 Structure.................................................................................................................353 Objectives...............................................................................................................354 Helm package manager........................................................................................354 Helm2 versus Helm3.............................................................................................355 Deployment using Helm charts...........................................................................356 Creating Helm charts............................................................................................362 Deep dive Helm charts.........................................................................................365 Helm repositories..................................................................................................367 Helm pre and post hooks.....................................................................................372 Conclusion.............................................................................................................378 Points to remember...............................................................................................378 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................379 Answers...........................................................................................................379 References..............................................................................................................379 12. Continuous Development and Continuous Deployment.....................................381 Introduction....................................................................................................381 Structure.................................................................................................................381 Objectives...............................................................................................................382 Understanding Skaffold........................................................................................382 Deployment of application using Skaffold.............................................................383 Understanding GitOps flux..................................................................................386 Implementing Flux CD.........................................................................................387 Conclusion.............................................................................................................397 Points to remember...............................................................................................397 Multiple choice questions.....................................................................................397 Answers...........................................................................................................397 References..............................................................................................................398 13. Managing Microservices Using Istio Service Mesh...................................................399 Introduction...........................................................................................................399 Structure.................................................................................................................399 Objectives...............................................................................................................400 Istio Service Mesh.................................................................................................400 Features of Istio Service Mesh................................................................................402 Installation of Istio Service Mesh............................................................................402 Traffic management..............................................................................................406 Weight based routing............................................................................................409 Blue–Green and Canary deployment.......................................................................410 Securing the mesh.................................................................................................411 Observability..........................................................................................................412 Conclusion.............................................................................................................416 Points to remember...............................................................................................416 Multiple choice questions.......................................................................................417 Answers..............................................................................................................417 References...........................................................................................................418 Index...................................................................................................................419
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